About the Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas (CCGA) StudyThe purpose of the CCGA study is to characterize the landscape of cell-free DNA profiles in individuals with and without cancer. The observational CCGA study will enroll at least 7,000 cancer patients and 3,000 healthy individuals, interrogating the biology of both tumor biopsy tissue samples and the circulating, tumor-derived nucleic acids in blood. Circulating tumor nucleic acids (ctNAs) in the blood are an emerging biomarker for earlier cancer detection. GRAIL and its collaborators will collect clinical outcomes on the enrolled participants for at least 5 years. The result will be a detailed atlas of cancer genetics that GRAIL will use to support its product development goals. The database, upon analysis, may be expanded to additional enrollment in specific cancers or healthy individuals. More information about the CCGA study can be found at NCT02889978.
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About GRAILGRAIL is a life sciences company whose mission is to detect cancer early when it can be cured. GRAIL combines the power of high-intensity sequencing (ultra-broad and ultra-deep sequencing), leading-edge computer science, and large population-scale clinical studies to enhance the scientific understanding of cancer biology and develop a blood test for early-stage cancer detection. The company has secured over $100 million in Series A financing from Illumina, Inc. and ARCH Venture Partners, with participating investors including Bezos Expeditions, Bill Gates, Sutter Hill Ventures, and GV (formerly Google Ventures). For more information, please visit www.grailbio.com
This guide is a list of scholarly resources in Medieval, Renaissance, and Early Modern Studies. Intended primarily for librarians; it may be useful to scholars in this field. It is curated and managed by members of the European Studies Section (ESS) of the Association of College & Research Libraries. Users are free to copy and edit content from this guide for their own purposes.
" Its mission has been to provide a structured and briefly annotated guide to online resources that at once respects the established humanities disciplines in their professional organization and points toward the transformation of those disciplines as they interact with the sciences and social sciences and with new digital media."
MENLO PARK, Calif., November 17, 2022--(BUSINESS WIRE)--GRAIL, LLC, a healthcare company whose mission is to detect cancer early when it can be cured, today announced findings from a fundamental substudy of the Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas (CCGA; NCT02889978) study, demonstrating that methylation had the most promising combination of cancer detection and prediction of cancer signal origin when compared with other evaluated approaches. This is the first rigorous and systematic comparison of various genomic measures from circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for multi-cancer early detection (MCED) testing, and the largest comprehensive genome-wide comparison of cfDNA approaches. Findings were published online in Cancer Cell in a manuscript titled "Evaluation of Cell-Free DNA Approaches for Multi-Cancer Early Detection."
Organ transplantation is a victim of its own success. In view of the excellent results achieved to date, the demand for organs is escalating whereas the supply has reached a plateau. Consequently, waiting times and mortality on the waiting list are increasing dramatically. Recent achievements in organ bioengineering and regeneration have provided proof of principle that the application of organ bioengineering and regeneration technologies to manufacture organs for transplant purposes may offer the quickest route to clinical application. As investigators are focusing their interest on the utilization and manipulation of autologous cells, ideally the end product will be the equivalent of an autograft such that the recipient will not require any antirejection medication. Achievement of an immunosuppression-free state has been pursued but has proven to be a difficult odyssey since the early days of the transplant era, yet an immediate, stable, durable, and reproducible immunosuppression-free state remains an unfulfilled quest. As organ bioengineering and regeneration has shown the potential to meet both the needs for a new source of organs that may eclipse the increasing organ demand and an immunosuppression-free state, advances in this field could become the new Holy Grail for transplant sciences.
Founded in 2005, Grail Media, LLC provides automatic email marketing and content to Home Inspectors, Real Estate Professionals and Residential Contractors. Grail Media's products provide small businesses the means to stay in touch with important business contacts and customers through its automatic content and email newsletter platform. For more information and to view a sample newsletter visit (www.homehintsenews.com) or by calling Grail Media, LLC toll free at 866-410-6300.
The development of this test would not have been possible without many advances in cancer biology, DNA sequencing and computational data analysis. For example, the discovery that all cells, including tumour cells, release DNA fragments into blood is the basis of our ability to detect cancer from a blood sample14. Because these cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments are derived from the genome15, which encodes instructions for all cellular functions, sequencing and analyzing these fragments can reveal whether cells in the body are normal or have become cancerous.
The first of these 4 studies, the Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas (CCGA) study (www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02889978), has enrolled 15,254 participants from 142 sites. CCGA was divided into three pre-specified substudies to develop a machine-learning classifier for multi-cancer early detection and TOO identification: substudy 1 (discovery, previously reported) identified the highest performing assay(s) for further development; substudy 2 (training and validation) to train and validate a classifier for cancer detection and TOO localization based on an updated targeted methylation approach; and substudy 3 (final validation) to validate an optimised version of the targeted methylation approach (this analysis is ongoing). The second substudy13 included nearly 4,500 cancer (more than 50 types across all stages) and non-cancer samples from CCGA, divided into a training set with 3,133 samples and an independent validation set with 1,354 samples. To optimise test specificity, this data set was combined with more than 2,200 samples (1,587 in training and 615 in validation) from participants without cancer in the STRIVE study (NCT03085888). The targeted methylation approach from the second substudy is being utilized in a clinical study (NCT04241796) that is returning results to physicians and patients.
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In order to effectively display results, we implemented the VIZ-GRAIL software in Perl that interacts with the GRAIL online site to download the results of user-defined analyses jobs, and to construct high-quality display graphics of interactions between genes across phenotypically associated loci. The different loci are arranged in a circle, similar to Circos genome plots (Krzywinski et al., 2009). Genetic loci are arranged around an outer circle, while genes within them are grouped together in an inner circle. Lines are drawn between functionally similar genes that are within different loci. The VIZ-GRAIL program determines the thickness of lines between two genes to be proportional to the relative similarity of the two genes, and inversely proportional to the number of genes within the loci that the genes are derived from, in order to account for the possibility of spurious connections (see Supplementary Material).
This has been true not only for the people of the Middle Ages, but also for those of us living today, as seen in the continued popularity of the Grail legends and in films such as "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade," in which Indiana Jones discovers a large number of possible grails in the unlikely location of Petra, Jordan.
It is not difficult to see that this legend is based on nothing of any substance whatsoever, and the grail in this case is not a historical cup, but rather a dish that doesn't even exist in reality. It is a perfect example of the mixture of fantasy, literature and legend that permeates most discussions of the Holy Grail. 2ff7e9595c
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